Archives

  • Vol. 15 No. 2 (2024)

    Dear readers, 


    Inquietude is pleased to communicate its latest edition to the philosophical community. The published articles cover the most varied areas of philosophy, from classical to more contemporary philosophical themes. In this spirit, Bruno Queiroz discusses the feasibility of defending the permissibility of certain homosexual practices within the theoretical framework of the Theory of Natural Law. Bruno Sales aims to think a "secular transcendence" in view of an opening of the human perspective located, but rational, using philosophical concepts such as Lonergan’s self-transcendence, Jaspers' boundary situations and Kant’s unconditioned. Fernanda Cardoso explores a classic theme of philosophical literature by clarifying the meaning of the Copernican revolution in Kantian epistemology and metaphysics, with an analysis focused on paragraph 11 of the preface to the second edition of Critique of pure reason. Henri São Paulo seeks to introduce the thesis of semantic inferentialism, as developed by the American philosopher Robert Brandom. Closing the articles section, Rayssa Medeiros highlights the contribution of Henri Bergson and Pierre Hadot to the conception of philosophy as a formative practice, pointing out its relationship with literature and emphasizing the work of Clarice Lispector. Finally, we have the interview with the Italian historian Paolo Raspadori, made by José Antonio Colombri, around ethical-political issues emerging from the tension between a rigorous historical disclosure and the embellished one in digital media.


    Cordially,


    The editing.

     

    **********************************************************************************************

     

    PHILOSOPHICAL-SCIENTIFIC EDITORIAL STAFF (NOMINATA)

    Bergkamp Pereira Magalhães (UFRJ, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil)

    Bruna Morais Esteves (UFG, Goiânia, GO, Brazil)

    Darley Alves Fernandes (UFG, Goiânia, GO, Brazil)

    Eduarda Calado Barbosa (UNICAMP, Campinas, SP, Brazil)

    Ernesto Perini Frizzera da Mota Santos (UFMG, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil)

    Flavio Fontenelle Loque (UFLA, Lavras, MG, Brazil)

    Gabriel de Matos Garcia (USP, São Paulo, SP, Brazil)

    Giovane Martins Vaz dos Santos (PUCRS, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil)

    Harley Juliano Mantovani (CEFET, Leopoldina, MG, Brazil)

    Humberto Alves Silva Junior (UNIR, Porto Velho, RO, Brazil)

    José da Cruz Lopes Marques (IFCE, Cedros, CE, Brazil)

    Luiz Paulo da Cas Cichoski (UFMT, Cuiabá, MT, Brazil)

    Newton de Oliveira Lima (UFPB, João Pessoa, PB, Brazil)

    Renan Eduardo Stoll (UFG, Goiânia, GO, Brazil)

    Renato Moscateli (UFG, Goiânia, GO, Brazil)

    Rodrigo Cássio Oliveira (UFG, Goiânia, GO, Brazil)

    Rodrigo Poreli Moura Bueno (UFT, Porto Nacional, TO, Brazil)

  • Vol. 15 No. 1 (2024)

    Restlessness,

     

    If we start to present the number by the image, there is much of the diversity of works that is strengthened in the artist’s Prismatic. Not reflection, but the refractory transformation into colors of a monotonous beam of light, can impress the doubt imbricated in an idea - in education, memory, (dis)information, in the "harsh" of teaching, in tradition...

    Thus, polishing the doubt in the sacrilege of vilification of a contemporary canon, Felipe Luiz invites to the Foucaultian reading of a Foucault that, crossing the prism of A Brazilian reception of [his] work, shows itself more diverse and colorful than perhaps only a beam of its entourage assumes valid. In reality, central problems - of political and epistemic order - seem to arise when one ignores or seeks to deny, to hide, there it is, to vilify the temerity of an author before contradictions, their own...

    As for episteme or, rather, the formative process it implies or with which it incites, Fernando Bonadia de Oliveira demonstrates, with the mastery of a philosophy teacher, the "craggy" of the classroom, as if it were the backlands, whose thorns of the Spinozan contribution to the teaching of philosophy give glimpses of the "track" of affection, of life on its paths, by which an understanding is formed, a philosophy... Prudent, but restless, let us not be deceived by the illusion of the Rosean Devil in the land of the sun! Rosa, but also Espinosa have something to teach on how the figure of a mistake cannot be more than a "hornet's nest" that affects us, modulates our ingenuity that grinds the way ahead, of a(n) (in)discipline that needs time in its space, space in its time...

    In order to open new paths in the teaching-learning of the prismatic philosophy we propose, João Batista Ferreira Filho baptizes us with his disturbing analysis of closed "trails" - not even misdirections! - of the digital bubbles we inflate, to the point that Fake news and epistemic agency in the politics of disinformation become strategy to undermine, also deceive the minds that do not conform, but that are misinformed and let themselves be pressed by the status quo, as if serving a banquet, as the banquet itself of those who delight, and wallow, in the unhealthy echoing "public opinion." One of the implications Ferreira Filho imprints us with is that of a pretentious judging autonomy of the subject who, tragically or comically, if not as self-satire, is led to believe they know by the form of their mould...

    But, well, if it all comes down to the form of a set of memories, experiences, abstractions... would the doubt, in the slightest, not fit as the counterpoint of these bubbles crystallized in chambers?

    At least this question makes us believe the arachnian work of Luama Socio is necessary: the interlacing of space-time in the mind, on the verge of the infamous transhuman, poses us the challenge of dealing with new physiopsychological complexions arising in the age of algorithmic memory, of crystals of uninformed echo, which the still-doubting philosophy eludes. However, with Memory at [this] point of relation between subject and form, the relations seem to be hampered in the paradox pointed out by the author, about the need to harden the memory before the all-refractory informational flow unto attempts to memorize, perhaps, to recall a story, reconfiguring itself with each step of the in vitro enclosed spider which seeks to firm up in its web, waiting for an attack that helps it feed, assuming a prey seized...

    Nevertheless, it becomes difficult to understand who - or what! - is that "spider". Even though, it is not as if we could not see the multicolored refraction of the Articles in the Review Luan de Oliveira Vieira presents us with, of the weaving of the various ways Adorno's Education for maturity proposes to resist the mere status quo moulding. Here we gain a vigor again, that drives us to break the totalitarian cloister, whose walls cannot be the limit of a life willing to live, not to suffocatingly die, nor as a victim of an experiment under total control which, in fact, is itself subject to crises and ruptures, whether it got them planned or not...

     

    With the (dis)pleasure of doubt,

     

    The editing.

     

    **********************************************************************************************

     

    PHILOSOPHICAL-SCIENTIFIC EDITORIAL STAFF (NOMINATA)

    André Vinícius Dias Carneiro (UFG, Goiânia, GO, Brazil)

    Carlos Wagner Benevides Gomes (UEC, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil)

    Cristiane Maria Marinho (UECE, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil)

    Daniela Giorgenon (UNIP, São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil)

    Emanuelle Beserra de Oliveira (UFC, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil)

    Felipe Gustavo Soares da Silva (FAST, Nazaré da Mata, PE, Brazil)

    Juliana Moroni (Unesp, Marília, SP, Brazil)

    Marcio Francisco Teixeira de Oliveira (UERJ, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil)

    Marcelo Masson Maroldi (USP, São Paulo, SP, Brazil)

    Pedro Rogério Sousa da Silva (UFC, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil)

  • Vol. 14 No. 2 (2023)

    Greetings readers,


    Inquietude returns in this new edition with extended reflections from the reflections of the philosophical past, as well as critical reviews in source research on disturbing aspects of our present.

    From the beginning, Adelino Pereira da Silva throws us directly into the reflective whirlwind about what we call "post-modern thinking" in the history of philosophy, with his text Beyond modernity: An analysis of postmodern in philosophy. For this, it uses a recollection about what is meant by "reason," and how the safest port of the "philosophical pier" becomes the central object of the most severe criticism.

    Still in the yearnings of more recent themes, we will be presented by Aline Brasiliense dos Santos Brito how the concepts of "will" and "drive" call into question the works of Freud and Schopenhauer, in her article entitled Notes about the references of Freud to Schopenhauer: Trieb and Wille. As she points out, Schopenhauer is attentive, in part of his writings, to the concept of drive (Trieb), while Freud, although he has a reticent relationship with philosophy, turns to philosophical readings and with some Kantian inspiration begins to reflect on the idea of will (Wille).

    Leaving behind what is more recent, André Pereira da Silva takes us to the old sages, retrieving the practical impulse of a philosophy linked to life, in his Lessons from Epicurus: Philosophy as a way of life. It is here that we are pointed perceptions about philosophy taken as an activity aimed at the achievement of pleasures and the conquest of happiness.

    Advancing in this philosophical space-time, Carlos Cassiano Gomes Leite seeks to think ethical and political implications through conceptual claims of the work of Spinoza, by Laurent Bove and Mark Fisher, in his brilliant writing named Considerations about a certain Spinozist presence in the work of Laurent Bove and Mark Fisher. By presenting the approach of the authors mentioned to concepts such as "autonomous project of the crowd" and the Spinozan concept of "entity," Carlos Leite seeks to challenge the work of both to think politics as a power of inalienable institutional strength.

    At the end of our journey, Lucas Ribeiro Vollet provides us with an article written in English, named Examining ideological premises in Frege’s semantics: An investigation of some standards of uniforming thinking about meaning in the beginnings of analytic philosophy. Bringing us back to the historical assumptions that influenced the reflexive clashes of the first article, Lucas Vollet resumes observations about the philosophical influences attributed to Frege, before the first phase of analytical philosophy, understanding how the conceptions of the attribution of values of truth based on semantic parameters come together in harmony with popular sociological perspectives regarding communication and understanding of what is communicated.

    It is with the pleasure of the flickering of a boat in the waves of a vast ocean that we look at such articles, jumping from age to age in order to investigate topics aimed both for conceptual analysis and for the practical implications of human life, that are unquestionably permeated by philosophy.

     

    Sincerely,

     

    The editing.

     

    **********************************************************************************************

     

    SCIENTIFIC EDITORIAL STAFF (NOMINATA)

    Alessandro Bandeira Duarte (UFRRJ, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil)

    Bruno Abilio Galvão (UERJ, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil)

    Cristiane Maria Marinho (UECE, Fortaleza, CE, Brasil)

    Cristiano Bonneau (UFPB, João Pessoa, PB, Brasil)

    Diogo Barros Bogéa (UERJ, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil)

    Dirceu Arno Krüger Junior (UFPEL, Pelotas, RS, Brasil)

    Douglas Moisés Pinheiro Carré (UFSM, Santa Maria, RS, Brasil)

    Eduardo Carli de Moraes (UFG, Goiânia, GO, Brasil)

    Evandro Carlos Godoy (IFSul, Sapucaia do Sul, RS, Brasil)

    Felipe Assunção Martins (UFG, Goiás, GO, Brasil)

    Helrison Silva Costa (UFMG, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil)

    José Francisco de Andrade Alvarenga (PUC-Rio, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil)

    Karen Elena Costa Dal Castel (UFSC, Florianópolis, SC, Brasil)

    Marcos Adriano Zmijewski (Unespar, União da Vitória, PR, Brasil)

    Marcos Roberto Damásio da Silva (UECE, Fortaleza, CE, Brasil)

    Matheus Romero de Morais (USP, São Paulo, SP, Brasil)

    Sérgio Mendonça Benedito (USP, São Paulo, SP, Brasil)

  • Vol. 14 No. 1 (2023)

    Inquietude comes to toast the transition of a new moment with this number that, philosophically, takes us by the (mis)steps of the cultural phenomenon.

    We start the trajectory with a Hegelian approach to consciousness that allows us to explore horizons perhaps not previously seen with the Japanese art: the work of Francisco Elton Martins de Souza and Matheus Tomaz Maia shows how this is effective in the alchemical game of truth of Fullmetal Alchemist.

    After a contact with the symbolism of transmuted truth, nothing more encouraging than the reading track of Cassirer's Essay on man proposed by Franscisco Gustavo de Souza Flor, to confront human signs of culture and their vital particularities.

    In this symbolic agonism, life becomes meaningless, with the risk of a language that no longer serves the communicative vitality: to this the ethics of Habermas' Discourse proposes a solution that Gabriel Andrade Coelho Moreira presents us in a very lively way, in an attempt to recover the world of life from a pathological rationality.

    As in a pass not so much of magic, but philosophical reflection, Lana Helena da Silva dos Santos resumes the active undertaking of Hannah Arendt to regain consciousness for a political activity that does not intend to reduce itself to the mere contemplation of "magic passes," but of a transformation of forces that restructure the ways of cultivating and worshipping the world.

    Finally, in this adventure through the swampy terrain of (un)conscious activity, Luiza Aparecida Bello Borges leads the person willing to explore these (mis)steps - with Inquietude - to an attempt to (re)establish values on the ethic-phenomenological way of Husserl and Max Scheler.

    For the appreciation of a formative result of (human) culture, so far, Inquietude suggests the artifice of a generative AI capable of (re)combining symbols of an archetypal Alchemy of the cultural power of consciousness...

     

    The editing.

     

    **********************************************************************************************

     

    SCIENTIFIC EDITORIAL STAFF (NOMINATA)

    Adriana Carvalho Novaes (USP, São Paulo, SP, Brasil)

    Adriano Ricardo Mergulhão (UEL, Londrina, PR, Brasil)

    Aline Matos da Rocha (UnB, Brasília, DF, Brasil)

    Ana Carolina Borges de Lacerda (UEG, Inhumas, GO, Brasil)

    Bergkamp Pereira Magalhães (UFRJ, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil)

    Caius Cesar de Castro Brandão (UFG, Goiânia, GO, Brasil)

    Carla Vanessa Brito de Oliveira (IFBA, Santo Amaro, BA, Brasil)

    Claudio Alexandre Figueira Gomes (UFG, Goiânia, GO, Brasil)

    Darley Alves Fernandes (UFAL, Maceió, AL, Brasil)

    José Luiz de Oliveira (UFSJ, São João del-Rei, MG, Brasil)

    Lucas Nogueira do Rêgo Monteiro Villa Lages (UFPI, Teresina, PI, Brasil)

    Mariana de Mattos Rubiano (Unifesp, São Paulo, SP, Brasil)

    Rafael Rodrigues Garcia (Unicamp, Campinas, SP, Brasil)

    Renato Moscateli (UFG, Goiânia, GO, Brasil)

    Tessa Moura Lacerda (USP, São Paulo, SP, Brasil)

    William de Siqueira Piauí (UFS, São Cristóvão, SE, Brasil)

  • Vol. 13 No. 2 (2022)

    With joy and lightness, Inquietude brings to the public the number that marks the end of a crisis. But when it comes to subjectivity, thought, human history, orientation and language, how plausible is speaking in the absence of crises?

    It seems a pressing question, which underlies and is glimpsed in the present issue.

    On Language, rule and behavior, João Henrique Lima Almeida delves into Wittgenstein’s considerations of linguistic scope through a practice that expresses the spirit of a symbology of its own.

    Next, Rafael dos Santos Ongaratto presents the theme, which does not suffer from obsolescence, of the conditions of knowledge and recovers a Kantian way to deal with the necessary relational incongruity of the human body.

    Without further ado, Shênia Souza Giarola traces the points in which Francesco Guicciardini and Nicolau Machiavelli enter into (dis)agreement as to the human divine fortuna of historical forms of government.

    Besides that Victor Fiori Augusto shows even ways of corruptibility notions as the Machiavellian (in)equality, without which there seems to be no politics, daring to reflect Brazil now.

    Finally, there is a less disturbing way to end (to begin) the disturbing approach of this publication, than through the Levinasian ethical asymmetry and the terrifying tale of Clarice Lispector, proposed by Wellington Monteiro’s reading.

    At first, one might think there is a tremendous thematic incoherence that hangs in this Inquietude's issue, although our proposal is to point out how this diversity of points of view finds some harmony among the cracks, even if it is the harmony of a crisis.

    In this sense, we invite the reader, still, to contemplate the critical cover image artificially created by an intelligence as much or as much more able to find iconic subsistence in a brainstorm, which is the formula Symbolic alterations of the human history throughout the political language of conscience.

     

    The editing.

     

    ************************************************************************************************

     

    CORPO EDITORIAL CIENTÍFICO (NOMINATA)

    Acríssio Luiz Gonçalves (UNA; UniBH, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil)

    Flavia Roberta Benevenuto de Souza (UFAL, Maceió, AL, Brasil)

    Grasiela Cristine Celich (UFSM, Santa Maria, RS, Brasil)

    Hans Christian Klotz (UFG, Goiânia, GO, Brasil)

    Helena Esser dos Reis (UFG, Goiânia, GO, Brasil)

    Lucas Gabriel Feliciano Costa (UFG, Goiânia, GO, Brasil)

    Paulo Henrique Silva Costa (CEFET, Varginha, MG, Brasil)

    Pedro Augusto Pereira Guimarães (UFMG, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil)

    Renato Moscateli (UFG, Goiânia, GO, Brasil)

    Thiago Suman Santoro (UFG, Goiânia, GO, Brasil)

  • Dossier Nietzsche and the Feminine
    Vol. 13 No. 1 (2022)

    The Indian Gayatri Spivak, in 1985, in the book entitled Can the subordinate speak? denounces the compulsory silence in the lives of colonized people. At that time it was mainly about the sacrifices imposed on widows. However, silence is an overload placed on practically all undervalued bodies, as if what they had to say were not supposed to be said, because, after all, they would talk about aspects of their insignificance. According to such biased assessment, they should only listen and obey. Currently, at least in the Brazilian reality, we know the bad evaluation attributed to the voices of people subalternized from the term "mimimi" or "vitimism". So you try to ridicule what is said by women, black people, people with disabilities, children, older people etc. The repeated attempts to silence people who have been subalternized is a psychic and political functioning coming from the cowardly authoritarianism of those who call themselves superior. University education is not always different. Teachers speak, write and publish. Students listen and, at most, reproduce what they hear and read in the activities they need to carry out for the acquisition of grades and titles. Nevertheless, Inquietude was born as the voice of students from UFG’s Faculty of Philosophy who also wanted to publish what they were studying, instead of studying only for accountability. And this happened even before the publication requirement so that even students could start to score their résumés.

    In this issue, Inquietude presents once again what undergraduate and graduate students have studied in subjects of the Philosophy course, in undergraduate and postgraduate studies, more specifically, in subjects taught by Professor Adriana Delbó about the insertion of what Nietzsche writes about women in the philosophical process for creation of ideals, truths and subalternities. Women as a gender inferior to the patriarchal tradition is here the main theme of the published articles.

    The doctoral student Luciene Marques de Lima, from Nietzsche, writes about the problem around the possibilities of experiences necessary for women to "become what they are", in contrast to the normativity of gender denounced by Judith Butler. Lucas Romanowski, also a graduate student, presents how Nietzsche evaluates as a decrease of women the male requirement to build the woman itself, to meet its demand for scientificity. Patrícia Bagot de Almeida questions the relation (or the absence of relation?) between law, power and feminism, based on her master’s research, but also in her studies on Carol Smart, to say of a 'justice' limit with regard to women’s specific problems. Kamilly Barros de Abreu Silva moves between steps of "woman" to deal with necessary deconstructions and new perspectives for feminism, having as support Nietzsche, Butler and Derrida. Doctor Cristiane Marinho resumes her reading of Scarlett Marton's book, Nietzsche and women: Figures, images and female types, along with that which accompanies the research of Adriana Delbó, to present the diversity that it sees possible to investigate conservatism and contributions to female emancipation in Nietzsche’s work. In addition, the master in philosophy Igor Freitas Martins proposes a vigorous interpretation of aphorism 86 of Beyond good and evil in his article Women, idealism, and the mirror in Nietzsche.

    Júlio César Freitas, a PIBIC [Institutional Program of Scientific Initiation Scholarships] scholar guided by professor Adriana Delbó, even before entering graduate school, already presents an article in which he systematizes his understanding that, in Nietzsche's case, it is not about an attack on women, but the analysis of the origin of gender inserted into the Nietzschean critique of metaphysics. Also as a result of the research in PIBIC, Juliana Mamede Melo, together with her advisor, develops an article in which they analyze aphorisms about the ideas of women in the work The gay science.

    Finally, this issue of Inquietude is an invitation for you to follow the academic elaborations of students and researchers who have given themselves the power to think, speak, write and publish. May the reading of these articles contribute for the teaching and research in Philosophy to stop creating subordinations.

     

    Adriana Delbó

  • Vol. 12 No. 2 (2021)

    Inquietude presents its latest issue to the academic community, and to all interested audiences. This is an edition with a wide range of themes. The articles gathered here move between established authors of philosophy, classical rereading and non-traditional approaches that reveal how fruitful becomes the union between rigor and creativity.

    This new volume also marks a new phase in the publications of Inquietude. From now on, the articles to be published will no longer be in waiting queue, as long as they are approved, for the publication of the entire volume. In other words, we value the access of our readers to the incoming publications, so it will no longer be necessary to wait until the end of the semester for the full volume to be published - throughout the period of the edition of a new volume, the approved articles will be made available immediately.

     

    We appreciate your reading and trust in our journal.

     

    Arthur Brito Neves
    João Pedro A. Campos

  • Vol. 12 No. 1 (2021)

    Although we are still facing a moment of difficulty, both from the political and the ethical, economic and social perspective, it is with great pleasure and satisfaction that Inquietude launches its latest volume. In this new edition, we focus on investigations related to the area of logic, but in it the reader will also find texts related to other areas, such as politics itself.

    This volume opens with the article entitled The ontological-epistemic status of the Cartesian eternal truths where Rafael dos Santos Ongaratto intends to investigate Descartes' thesis on the divine creation of eternal truths and how such creation can determine the metaphysical and epistemic nature of such truths. In addition, the author seeks to survey the possible problems related to this idea and also propose an epistemic interpretation through the notion of "contingent truth a priori", a notion that was later developed by Saul Kripke for modal logic.

    In Between "difference" and "inequality": The transversality of the equality Rousseau's concept, João Pedro Andrade de Campos wants to distinguish, as the title says, the notions of difference and inequality in Rousseau’s thought. This distinction is important to demonstrate the contrasts in the concepts of nature state and civil society. Moreover, in making such a distinction, the author is guided by the idea of equality. Finally, it is noted that through the approximation of men comes the comparison and that, through the differences found in such comparisons, inequalities also arise, and that the contract - carried out through the voice of the general will - tries to mitigate these inequalities.

    In The moment of subsumption as a fatality. The Grundrisse (1857-58) by Karl Marx in perspective, Victor César Fernandes Rodrigues attempts to elucidate the category of subsumption using the Grundrisse, addressing the theme of the work and its critique. Through such an analysis, Rodrigues finds that valuing subsumption as a theoretical-ontological category is of paramount importance, because it ensures that the individual, that is, the human subject, is not reduced to mere worker. With this, the author analyzes that, in capitalism, the non-working individual is a non-being in the system of being, ie capital. Thus, Marx’s criticism is not about work itself, but about work as assumed in capitalism, where subjects are reduced to mere producers of commodities.

    Regarding The concept of "real number" in Frege, Caio Bismarck Silva Xavier seeks to define and address the real numbers in Frege’s thought, more precisely in Part III of Volume II of his work entitled Basic laws of arithmetic, where the German philosopher presents both his criticism of the definition of real number in force at his time and his own definition. This approach demonstrates the importance that the notion of "magnitude ratio" plays in such a definition. However, in his text, Xavier does not intend to analyze the formal presentation (with the exception of his criticism of formalism) of the theory of real numbers, where Frege presents in detail his critique of previous theories, but rather he investigates the informal where the philosopher presents his own definition.

    Finally, our edition ends with the article entitled Which is the concept of analyticity criticized by Quine in Two dogmas of empiricism?. Ozeias F. Rodrigues intends to investigate - as the title suggests - the notion of analyticity present in some key passages in the work Two dogmas of empiricism by the philosopher Quine. Such passages offer, in the words of Rodrigues himself, profitable ways to read philosophical texts, because through this notion we understand that many philosophical problems can be answered when one understands the meaning of certain terms or phrases of an author, their internal and external contexts (as possible interlocutors, etc.), and also the reading of the commentators.

    Although we are on the verge of the year 2021 and we are still living both in an uncertain pandemic context and at a time when science - especially human sciences, as philosophy - faces the lack of support from our rulers and, mainly, negationism, we are happy to be able to conclude this new volume, because it demonstrates that such obstacles cannot silence the voice of critical thinking, reflection, analysis, in short, scientific thought. As most of the articles in this edition focus on the area of logic, we chose a work entitled Victory boogie-woogie by the Dutch painter Piet Mondrian for the cover. We hope the reading of such texts will be useful.

     

    Inquietude Editorial Team.

     

    Brenner Brunetto Oliveira Silveira
    Sabrina Paradizzo Senna

  • Vol. 11 No. 2 (2020)

    The challenges faced for the maintenance of a journal of humanities are numerous and continuously reinforced by policies that irresponsibly disregard the social importance of the human sciences; with Inquietude journal is no different. It is considering the political context that the interview with Heitor Pagliaro, current executive editor of Inquietude, moves and worries us. Since its creation - he says -, the magazine seeks to be a place of speech, a space that is important also for the development of other sciences: "if we want the Brazilian science to have greater international competitiveness and that the Brazilian journals have a greater 'impact factor', we need to value the scientific publishing work done in the country, with funding and infrastructure". Heitor Pagliaro, who has accompanied the magazine since its creation, concludes the celebrations for the 10 years of Inquietude.

    The articles of this edition have as scope the themes of metaphysics and knowledge theory. Who opens our series of carefully selected articles is a woman, Tatiana Betanin, bringing the Heiddegerian understanding of the concept of metaphysics. Although it works with specific terms, the comprehensibility of the text is commendable. Tatiane Betanin, at the same time that she digs and aligns concepts, questions formulations. This movement allows her, together with Heidegger, to answer the meta + physics equation, whose result is philosophy itself. In addition to the explanatory excellence, by conceptualizing metaphysics according to Heidegger, the author’s high point is in the reassessment of what philosophy is. The idea of estrangement, astonishment or, as she puts it, restlessness, is the necessary tool "to philosophize in these new times".

    The discussion about Heidegger returns in the article of Raphael Pegden, now focused on a critique of the metaphysics of substance and the metaphysics of the subject, which accompanies a criticism of the theories of knowledge by Descartes, Kant and Husserl. The destruction of the history of ontology, proposed by Heidegger, says of an ontology that obscures the original question about being. The fundamental ontology is then presented as background of all ontology and resurgent through this destruction of what has been petrified by history. Retracing the path taken by the history of philosophy is fundamental to substantiate this criticism, and in doing so, Raphael Pegden delineates the gulf between the fundamental ontology and what Descartes proposes as ontology in cogito, where the being of substance cannot be known. A res extensa does not solve the problem for Heidegger, because there remains the question of presence and entities intramundanos. Thus, "Heidegger’s critique consists in showing that space is not a place and the world is not an object [...]: we all exist in such a way that we are in a world, says Heidegger". The critique of Kant is formulated from this same point: the transcendental subject assumes the subject as an epistemological foundation for the problem, dodging to be-in-the-world, or to be with the world.

    The next question we bring concerns the philosopher Schopenhauer. In The incorporation of the Platonic idea in Schopenhauer’s metaphysical system, Jefferson Teodoro expands important concepts of metaphysics and at the same time devotes himself to important details for the elaboration of his argument. Punctuating the details of Platonic theory and the evident differences in the way of doing philosophy, the author goes from the principle of reason, contained in the Platonic Idea, to Kant’s rationalizing materialism. The connection between Plato and Kant is given, according to Schopenhauer, by the relationship between Idea and the thing itself, but the overcoming of Plato’s Kantian reading is the great turn of the text. In the concept of blind impulse of the Will, the author shows how Plato’s Theory of Ideas is also alien to the principle of reason. The new system proposed by Schopenhauer is thus grounded, and the immediate representation, that is, that one free from the principle of reason, leads the text to a discussion about beauty.

    Douglas de Jesus, in Kant and the testimony, works the concepts of reductionism and non-reductionism to comply with the dualism between validation and denial of the testimony, that is, between the verification on the one who witnesses and the presentation of evidence to reject it. In a nutshell, reductionists are those who "argue that it is necessary for the rational basis for testimony to be reduced to other sources of belief (memory, perception or inferential reasoning)", and non-reductionists are those who "reject the thesis of the necessity of reduction, although there may be non-reductionists who accept the possibility of reduction". The author transits between these concepts with the help of epistemologists - as he writes himself - until reaching Kant, when the question about the validation of the testimony becomes elusive. By composing the "thinking for yourself", could we say that Kant is a reductionist? It is necessary to analyze the proposition in question from a more comprehensive perspective, a task that Douglas de Jesus fulfills with skill.

    The next text is by Luis Oliveira who, in The limits of hilemorfism and the concept of transubstantiation in Thomas Aquinas, departs from Aristotle’s Physics to talk about what is substance and what is transubstantiation. The writing binds us to the text, which is guided by a Christian position: the presence of the body and blood of Christ during the mass. There are several possibilities of questions about this presence and, for each answer, new questions are asked. For example, to know whether or not there is the presence of the body of Christ in bread and wine, and if there is this presence, how about the matter bread and wine? Finally, the various questions that can be formulated from this simple act show how religion is a source of philosophy, at the same time they show how philosophy distanced itself in its discussions from the very act of faith.

    This edition of Inquietude also has a text with an experimental writing, produced by Hercules da Silva Neto. In Nietzsche and science: Experimental living, the author assumes Nietzsche's style and proposes to enter into the freedom that breaks the shackles of standards, including the way of thinking science. It takes flexibility to understand the purpose of the text, which is directed exactly to this point: to become flexible. It is in this sense that idea and language are found, bringing to the surface an eminently transformative text.

    Finally, the editorial decided to bring the second author of this edition: Elisa Oliveira. She, who transits between philosophy and psychology, dares a critique of the tradition of psychoanalysis, a criticism that is built from the philosophy of Nietzsche. Freedom in Nietzsche: A critique to psychoanalysis theory of desire is a therapeutic article, because reading brings the desire to launch into unknown horizons, abandoning certain sickly characterizations during life. The author tells a new way of thinking about psychoanalysis that, hovering over the future, emancipates and rediscovers itself.

    This is a long-awaited edition that has been carefully prepared in its details. The image chosen for the cover is the painting by Giorgio de Chirico, who was part of a movement called "metaphysical painting". The disturbing muses gloriously illustrates this edition, which talks about politics, subject, church and freedom, questioning reason, history and the future. The theme of metaphysics is wide and open, and an edition that proposes to both will always be disturbing. We hope that the reading will be magnifying.

     

    Sincerely,

     

    The Editorial Team of Inquietude.

     

    Angélica Carvalho Sant'Anna

  • Dossier Marx e Tocqueville
    Vol. 11 No. 1 (2020)

    Inquietude journal, still in the celebrations of its ten years of uninterrupted publications, brings to the readers a special edition. In this edition, which is unique not only for its content but also for the disturbing historical moment in which we live, we have the great pleasure of presenting a dossier dedicated to the thought of Alexis de Tocqueville and Karl Marx. Are there possible relations, apparent or potential, in the confrontation between the ideals of these two thinkers? The authors of the articles that make up this dossier provide us with their reflections on this and other questions.

    In the article From communes and community to the spirit of freedom: Between Alexis de Tocqueville and Karl Marx, André Rezende Soares Correia reflects on the link between the approximation of experiences in public space and their reflections on the constitution of freedom. With the care to highlight, on one hand, the differences between a position that questions the necessity of the State and private property by Marx and, on the other hand, a perspective of democracy more aligned in accordance with a certain administrative structure in Tocqueville, Correia is assertive in punctuating what can unite the thinking of these two classic authors of political thought: the spirit of solidarity and communion, as well as its reflection already indicated in the title of the article in question - the spirit of freedom.

    The cliché about the need to understand the past in order to better understand our present and, also, glimpse possible futures is an increasingly palpable reality. Escaping the commonplace and providing us with an inspiring reflection on the role of the press in a democratic society is what Brenner Brunetto Oliveira Silveira presents in his text of The challenges in the 21st century about the relation between press freedom and democracy according to Tocqueville and Marx. According to the author, press freedom is more than an indispensable condition of democratic societies, and therefore, its opposite, censorship, is an abuse. Despite our generalization, Silveira also reflects on the limits and means by which the press must travel. Undoubtedly, an important reflection on the tracks of Tocqueville and Marx.

    Still having as background the democratic question, our next author aims its relationship, in general terms, with the world of work. In From democracy to the head of the pin - the new manufacturing aristocracy and the alienation of the worker: A meeting point for Marx and Tocqueville, author Carlos Stuart Coronel Palma Junior rescues reflection on the constitutive role of work on the human condition. In this sense, the author’s argument is to show that both for Tocqueville and for Marx, work is an essential function of human life, which somehow contributes to its own meaning. Therefore, the debate conducted throughout the text seeks to show, beyond a generic understanding of the thought of Tocqueville and Marx about work, how much the changes in the world of work, so accelerated from the nineteenth century, echo until today.

    Finally, Renato César Rodrigues offers us Confluences and divergences in the concept and in the division of labor in Marx and Tocqueville. In the article, the author deepens the discussion previously started by Carlos Stuart Coronel Palma Junior about the man-work relationship and how Marx and Tocqueville interpreted it. Although the topics discussed are similar, it is worth noting that the originality of Rodrigues is in emphasizing not only the equidistant points from which the analyzed thinkers discussed their themes, but also the contemporary impression that we can use to reflect on the relationship between workers and capitalists.

    We hope that you all have a great read of this dossier, as well as our continuous flow section which has diverse articles in its topics. The cover image of this edition is the painting Eruption of vesuvius by Joseph Mallord William Turner (1755 - 1851), from which we cannot escape an important analogy with the general theme of our dossier and our times: is democracy dormant like the current Vesuvius or in an imminent eruption?

     

    Sincerely,

     

    The Editorial Team of Inquietude.

     

    Anderson Carvalho dos Santos
    João Pedro Andrade de Campos

  • Vol. 10 No. 2 (2019)

    In this second edition of 2019, Inquietude journal is pleased to present to the public an elaborate and important collection of works that cover several areas and centuries of the History of Philosophy. In the article by Rodrigo Trindade Nascimento, entitled The philosophical and scientific base in the formation and development of the Vienna Circle, the philosophy of the nineteenth century is taken into account from the thematisation of philosophical issues that contributed to the consolidation of the Vienna Circle.

    The nineteenth century is still contemplated by Yago Barreto Bezerra's article The illusions and Marx: A brief essay about the implications of materialism in the formation of the Marxian social theory as non-deterministic, in which the author argues against a finalist reading of Marx’s work, thus refusing that Marx has reduced human history to a necessary end, that is, communism. Still in the nineteenth century of the History of Philosophy, we can read questions concerning the philosophy of language in the writing of Leonardo Magalde Ferreira, The role of metaphor in Nietzsche and Bergson, that explores the prominent place that the theme of metaphor has gained in Nietzsche's and Bergson's philosophy, serving them as an instrument for a critique of traditional metaphysics and representational powers of reality by human beings, as well as the importance that metaphor has from the formal point of view of the philosophy of these thinkers, in so far as it enabled them a unique way of philosophizing. The problems of Nietzsche’s philosophy and, consequently, of the XIX century, are still present in Leonardo Camargo da Silva’s review Nietzsche and Nietzscheanism: Thematic constellations of the academic reception of Nietzschean philosophy, on the book Nietzscheanismo [Brazilian version for Understanding Nietzscheanism (2011)] by Ashley Woodward (2016).

    Looking at the history of philosophy retrospectively from the nineteenth century, Inquietude still counts in its current collection with articles by Loryne Viana de Oliveira and Adriano Sotero Bin. Oliveira’s article, Skepticism and non-skepticism: David Hume and the old Problem of Induction, elucidates the challenge introduced by Hume to modern epistemology when it inaugurates the famous Induction Problem, and also elucidates some possible skeptical and non-critical readings of this famous problem. In addition to philosophical questions of the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, this collection offers readers of Inquietude political questions of Aristotle’s philosophy in Adriano Bin’s article, Philia and polis in Aristotle: A stimulus to tolerance, that discusses the concepts of friendship and politics in the Stagirite's philosophy and its relationship with the theme of tolerance, a theme that is so dear to the current moment lived in Brazil and the general context of contemporary societies in their plurality and diversity.

    Before we leave you, readers, free to enjoy the present textual collection offered by Inquietude, an important warning. In 2020, the Journal of philosophy students of the Federal University of Goiás completes ten years of existence and publications that have been disseminating, from the philosophical production of undergraduates, masters and doctoral students, philosophical knowledge essential to the development and future of the country. To celebrate this special year, the editorial team of Inquietude will present a special edition containing a dossier on the works of Marx and Tocqueville, and also an interview with Heitor Pagliaro, who has been working as a member of the editorial board of the journal during these ten years, on the history, importance and impact of Inquietude and other journals directed by philosophy students in Brazil.

     

    Sincerely,

     

    The Editorial Team of Inquietude.

     

    Arthur Brito Neves
    Eduardo Emanuel Ferreira Leal

  • Vol. 10 No. 1 (2019)

    This journal, launched in 2010, reaches its tenth volume with the present edition. Since its launch, Inquietude has published texts by more than 110 authors and received more than 49,000 hits on its website. Such data are a dose of relief in the midst of the anti-intellectualist wave we experience. The art that makes up the cover of this edition is the Green wheat field with cypress, by Van Gogh. Just as Van Gogh’s fascination with cypress trees has always inspired him, philosophy also inspires us; after all, more than necessary, it is inevitable. In addition, the sense of movement caused by Van Gogh’s work can serve as a metaphor for the worries that philosophy causes us.

    The new volume begins with an article entitled David Hume and the conception of reason in a naturalist perspective: An analysis of Edward Craig from the Similarity Thesis, in which Claudiney José de Sousa argues the naturalistic posture adopted by Hume would be a way for the philosopher to oppose the Thesis of Similarity. According to Sousa, the positioning of Hume leads him to a distinct conception about reason and makes the theme of belief something priority in his philosophy.

    Then, in Seneca’s view on the contemporary debate between duty’s ethic and virtue’s ethic, George Felipe Bernardes Barbosa Borges argues Seneca contributes both to the ethics of duty and to the ethics of virtue. The author presents concepts found in Seneca's work that fit into the two forms of ethics. More than that, for Borges, such concepts are not exclusive in the work of the Stoic philosopher and therefore one could reconcile duty and virtue by understanding them as complementary.

    In the next article, Nietzsche’s ambiguity in relation to Socrates, Laura Elizia Haubert proposes a more accurate analysis about Nietzsche’s vision of Socrates. The author shows that Nietzschean criticism of Socrates, in fact, refers to a Socratism and not to the Greek philosopher himself. Thus, according to the analysis of Haubert, in Nietzsche’s work the character of Socrates operates as a kind of mask that represents what the German philosopher would actually criticize.

    In Adorno and Kafka: Negativity's aesthetic, Marina Coelho Santos shows the link between cultural industry and negative aesthetics; the former can be understood as an identity of mass culture and the latter as a "de-identification". Santos argues both mass culture and the aesthetic of negativity are related through modern art. In the article, the author shows, from the works of Adorno, that the negative aesthetic is present in Kafka's work.

    Finishing the volume, we present the text Stoicism and the brevity of life, in which Nadir Antonio Pichler, Milena Paula Zancanaro and Talia Castilhos de Oliveira analyze Seneca's writings on the theme of the brevity of life. The authors argue the way of life proposed by Seneca is contrary to the current model of life. For them, Seneca teaches in opposite sense to the way of life in which most people live yearning for the future, that only philosophical leisure is able to reveal the sense of the brevity of life.

    We take the opportunity to welcome the new members of the editorial team: Aline Stéphanie Freitas, Anderson Carvalho dos Santos, Arthur Brito Neves, Eduardo Emanuel Ferreira Leal, Brenner Bruneto Oliveira Silveira, Gabriel Caetano de Queiroz, George Felipe Bernardes Barbosa Borges, João Pedro Andrade de Campos, Marina Lacerda Machado, Mariana Andrade Santos, Sabrina Paradizzo Senna and Sabrina Thays.

    To close this editorial, we quote an excerpt from the poem O livro e a América by Castro Alves: “Por isso na impaciência / Desta sede de saber, / Como as aves do deserto — / As almas buscam beber... / Oh! Bendito o que semeia / Livros... livros à mão cheia... / E manda o povo pensar! / O livro caindo n’alma / É germe — que faz a palma, / É chuva — que faz o mar”.

     

    We hope you enjoy reading this volume!

     

    Aline Stéphanie Freitas dos Reis
    Rafael Arcanjo Teixeira

  • Dossier Eroticism and Philosophy
    Vol. 9 No. 2 (2018)

    The philosophy course of Goiás City completes 9 years in 2018. In 2014, to celebrate the 5 years of course, the first Congress of Philosophy was held in the city and its edition was maintained every two years. The theme "Eroticism and Philosophy" attracted researchers from other states and encouraged the expansion of research in this field. The theme "Philosophy and Citizenship" also in this edition opened space for discussions on gender, which was already a demand in previous years, as well as opened space for work related to training and human development.

    Like philosophy in general, the Congress has an open character, without taking any position on the issues. Each author is responsible for his own research, which can often contradict the words of another researcher.

    Although we do not give directions to the work, this does not mean neutrality, because there is no planning and no production of knowledge that are neutral. In fact, not directing means cherishing some values, namely: autonomy, originality, freedom of expression, respect for diversity, tolerance for different points of view, provided there is no prejudice or discrimination, or any kind of subjugation.

    This Dossier represents only a small sample of what happened at the III Congress during the week of 15 to 20 January 2018, in Goiás City, which brought together more than 45 researchers from various places in the country (Goiás, Distrito Federal, Minas Gerais, Tocantins, Ceará, Rio Grande do Sul, Paraná) and also from different areas (philosophy, law, history, social service, plastic arts, pedagogy) who actively participated with lectures, communications, exhibitions, short stories, poems, films and mini-courses, as recorded in the Proceedings. Here are just some of the completed papers submitted and selected after the presentation at the Congress.

    And as it is already becoming tradition, we can not fail to conclude with the phrase of the poet Cora Coralina: "this fountain is for use by all thirsty. Take your share. Come to these pages and do not hinder their use to those who have thirst".

     

    Ana Gabriela Colantoni

  • Vol. 9 No. 1 (2018)

    In the current moment of Brazil, marked by the constant dismantling of democracy and education, restlessness is not only necessary, but what keeps us resistant and alive. In line with this objective, we present volume 9, number 1 of Inquietude. The art that composes the cover of this edition is the Metamorphosis of the aura and the instant's death in the metropolis, by Samuel Vaz.

    In The need for civil laws as principle of justice in Hobbes' philosophy, Luana Broni de Araújo seeks to understand the need for civil law as the foundation of justice in Thomas Hobbes' political philosophy. Rafael Carneiro Rocha, in The question of the existence of God in Edith Stein, investigates the arguments Edith Stein uses to phenomenally demonstrate God's existence.

    In Rome, Sparta and the formulation of the law, Henry Zanelato relates Machiavelli’s thought to reflections on the history of the Roman republic and the city of Sparta. By drawing a comparison between both cities, the author highlights their political potentialities and their defects in the formulation of laws. In The problem of the sovereign decision in the philosophy of the State on the perspective of the permanent state of exception, Lucas Carvalho Lima Teixeira, through the work of Agamben, elucidates the analyses of Hans Kelsen and Carl Schmitt about sovereignty and its close connection with the permanent state of exception.

    Renzo Nery, in From the ontology of life to the ontology of death: Notes on Hans Jonas' organic philosophy, discusses the philosophical biology of Hans Jonas from a vitalistic perspective that opposes the modern dualism between organism and spirit. In A criticism of the ontological structure of language in Gadamer’s hermeneutics, Lucas Costa Roxo discusses the meaning of structure in the constitution of language, highlighting the ontological structures of language and their reflections on Gadamer’s hermeneutic thinking.

    We take this opportunity to welcome the new members of Inquietude Editorial Team: Angélica Carvalho Santanna, Joaquim Onofre Silva Neto, Lorrayne Freitas and Rafael Arcanjo.

     

    Aline Matos da Rocha

  • Vol. 8 No. 2 (2017)

    With great satisfaction, we announce volume 8, number 2, of Inquietude journal. The art making up cover is Beethoven’s frieze: the desire for happiness, by Gustav Klimt.

    We present the second edition of 2017, consisting of five articles and a resumption of the valuable section of interviews. The editors of Inquietude Caius Brandão and Eduarda Santos Silva interviewed the renowned philosopher Oswaldo Giacoia Junior. The guiding theme of the dialogue was the status of philosophy in Brazil, about which Giacoia pointed questions on the quantitative and qualitative growth of philosophical production in the country, the formation of the philosopher and the interdisciplinary character of philosophy, reminding us philosophy was born from the dialogue with other areas of knowledge, with techniques and with art. It is a must read, check!

    Opening the articles section, we have the text entitled Movement and subjectivity: From revolution in physics to revolution in subject, in which the author Eric Moura Duarte, from the book The structure of scientific revolutions, by Thomas Kuhn, traces, in general terms, how the conceptual change on the nature of movement, carried out by Galileo Galilei, implied the primacy of subjectivity in Descartes' philosophy. The author explains, when analyzing the paradigm break on the nature of movement, how this change led to a total transformation in the way we see the world.

    The subsequent text is The principle of "self-care" and the therapeutic of the soul, in which Luciano André Palm analyzes the work A hermeneutica do sujeito by Michel Foucault, with the purpose of understanding how the principle of self-care can be conceived as a therapy for the soul. In addition, Palm presents the trajectory of self-care in tradition and western civilization and identifies
    that Foucault calls "Cartesian moment", that is, in the emergence of science and modern scientific mentality, the overthrow of self-care as a constituent principle of the ethos of Western civilization.

    Then, the article entitled Monism and dualism between State and law: Brief considerations about the concept of Rule of Law in Habermas, in which Rubin Assis da Silveira Souza questions the frequent adoption of the term Rule of Law in the work Between facts and norms, by Jürgen Habermas. The article investigates the problems arising from the foundation and presentation of this concept, contrasting it with its antithesis, which is Hans Kelsen’s monistic idea of State and law. According to the approach of Rubin Souza, the Habermasian philosophy implies the adoption of a dualistic theory between the concepts of State and law. The author, above all, reveals the radical incompatibility between Habermas' legal doctrine and Kelsenian positivism.

    The penultimate text is entitled John Stuart Mill and the utility of liberty: A liberal perspective, by Aline Matos da Rocha. The author adopts a notion of freedom linked to the notion of utility understood from the utilitarian tradition. The article is based on a conception of freedom understood in individual scope, determined by the interests of the individual, with minimal interference from others or even public authority.

    The closing of this edition is due to the article Descartes, Heidegger, the human condition and the question of time by Dante Carvalho Targa and Fabrício Fonseca Machado. The authors consider that Descartes, by instituting the metaphysics of subjectivity and the primacy of reason as instruments for the interpretation of man, opens space for the emergence of a scientific society that corrupts the notion of and establishes time is nothing more than a succession of events. The characterization of time as a mere sequence of facts, however, obscures the possibility of significance of the now and detracts man from his genuine being. According to the authors, in Heidegger’s view, it is necessary, for a more correct hermeneutics, to consider primarily the future and understand time as a determinant of the primordial structure of being.

    We also inform Inquietude was approved as an extension project by the Board of Directors of the Faculty of Philosophy of the Federal University of Goiás. It is important to remember that there has already been an extension project of the magazine, registered in PROEC [Pro-rectory of Extension and Culture] under the coordination of professor Júlia Sebba Ramalho.

    Finally, we would like to thank Ingrid Costa for her new visual identity and graphic design for Inquietude, which was directed by Luana Santa Brígida.

     

    Kellen Aparecida Nascimento Ribeiro

  • Vol. 8 No. 1 (2017)

    It is with great joy we announce another volume of Inquietude journal: volume 8, number 1, fruit of much dedication and effort. The image of the mural produced by Keith Haring composes the cover of this issue.

    Philosophy is full of examples to think about how knowledge is made: whether by consensus or conflict. Would Aristotle have reached his deep ethical thought had he not studied the Platonic ethics and realized he agreed in some aspects and not in others? Kant states all thinkers of philosophy raise their knowledge buildings on other philosophies' ruins. We believe worrying about the thoughts of other authors is an impulse for knowledge.

    It is in this movement, between conflicts and consensus, that we present this edition composed by four articles and two reviews, besides a section of abstracts of master’s dissertations, abstracts of monographs and reports of scientific initiation.

    In the opening text, entitled The theory of error, the problem of moral objectivity and the phenomenology of value, the author Emerson Martins Soares makes use of the work Ethics: inventing right and wrong, by J. L. Mackie, to discuss development of the Theory of Error, emphasizing its main characteristics. As mentioned above, not only philosophy lives by consensus, so the text in question seeks to weave criticism of Mackie’s theory, putting into check the success of his theory. For Mackie, there would be no objective moral values. It is by using Mackie’s own development that the author will identify his flaws.

    Next, we present the article The concept of public opinion in Rousseau: From the corruption of the individual to the transparency of the political body, by Rosângela Almeida Chaves. The author seeks to reveal the evolution of the concept of public opinion in the Genevese's works. First, as a negative element: factor of corruption of the people; at other times, as a social control: would stabilize the customs and make everyone follow.

    The next article, Explaining and justifying actions: On a supposed "antinomy of acting", by Darley Alves Fernandes. The text addresses an aspect Kant did not emphasize, namely, the distinction between "determining cause" and "determining reason". The justification of an action from its cause is not sustained: the cause only makes us understand and explain the action, but does not justify it. In addition, both would not have an exclusive character, but rather complementary.

    Our fourth article, entitled The infinite government of men: Eschatology and resistance in Foucault and Agamben, by Pedro Lucas Dulci, aims to investigate the embryonic articulation of some concepts within Foucaultian thought, which later will be used by Agamben as the theological genealogy of economics and government. Foucault starts from a questioning about infinite political pretensions and indicates eschatological forms of counterconduct. Agamben makes use of these notions to develop his thinking in relation to those on the messianic time.

    The review section presents, in its opening, a text prepared by Fernando Cardoso Bertoldo, Ethical education as a way of cosmopolitan citizenship in Kant, which is built from the Brazilian version of the text Sobre a pedagogia [On pedagogy], Immanuel Kant, 2nd edition, 1999. The purpose of this review is to explain why and how, for Kant, ethical education is the means by which cosmopolitan citizenship could be achieved. Bertoldo, for this purpose, seeks to give some answers to questions concerning the conception of human being and the possibility of a moral formation. In addition, the author of the review assesses whether the work identifies which conditions are necessary for a human being to think for himself and what requirements are necessary for achieving cosmopolitan citizenship.

    The second review of this issue was written by Miroslav Milovic, about the book El ocaso de occidente [The twilight of the occident] by the Spaniard Luis Sáez Rueda. Rueda seeks inspiration in Husserl, but does not deal with the same themes, looks at our current reality and perceives it as poor in relation to the power of self-creation: we are no longer a society that creates, we are a consumer society. In this way, Rueda thinks about ways of recreating the productive source. In addition, it highlights its differences with the thought of Habermas, making clear a specific material dimension of culture would be lost. Its inspiration would come from Deleuze and his rhizomatic assumptions, in this case, the richness of energy rhizomes as opposed to capitalist forces and identity culture that dominate us.

    We express our gratitude to Inquietude Editorial Board, the authors who have trusted the journal for the submission and publication of their texts and especially the reviewers who made up the evaluation committee of the articles published. We reaffirm Inquietude seeks to promote a philosophical dialogue, so we leave open the invitation for those who aim, in the future, to send us their texts. We also appreciate the support and encouragement of the Faculty of Philosophy to the journal activities.

    Finally, we would like to take the opportunity to welcome the new members of Inquietude, the editors: Aline Matos da Rocha, Eduarda Santos Silva, Fernando Batista Safadi, Joézer Carvalho de Castro, Kellen Aparecida Nascimento Ribeiro and Paulo Fernando Rocha Antunes, and also to the new reviewers: Davi Maranhão De Conti and Paola Nunes de Souza.

     

    Adriane Campos de Assis

  • Dossier "Aesthetic"
    Vol. 7 No. 2 (2016)

    The articles that make up the Aesthetic Dossier in this edition of Inquietude come from the I International Colloquium of Aesthetics of FaFil/UFG, whose theme "Confluent Aesthetic Traditions" aimed to bring together different trends of philosophical and aesthetic thought.

    The presentation of papers reached themes and authors from various periods in the history of philosophy: from Plato to H. P. Lovecraft, Kant, German Romanticism, Hegel, Nietzsche, Edith Stein, Merleau-Ponty, Heidegger, Bataille, Marx, Benjamin, Danto and feminist aesthetic theories. The discussion fostered at the tables and conferences formed a common and diverse interest, in order to present Aesthetics and Philosophy of Art as a kind of cornucopia that at the same time sinks and expands with abundance philosophical knowledge.

    We rarely see philosophers not to interfere in the area of Aesthetics, which, at certain moments in the history of philosophy, maintained relevance equal to that of philosophy itself. From the latter, sometimes distanced, when one has in view only a notoriously universal and objective relation with knowledge, Aesthetics began to serve as a basis and consultation of all knowledge that thought the form and its reception, in psychological and artistic terms, gaining contours of interdisciplinarity. Never abandoned, however, its original character that made it a vehicle of relations between epistemology and ethics, between knowing and morally acting, between reflection and political action, between criticism and art, between being and appearing. The articles published in this Dossier have the merit of reflecting some of these dimensions.

    In the article by Fernando Ferreira da Silva, the reader finds the relation between aesthetic judgment and art criticism, using as reference the concept of "romantic irony" as a procedure marked by the proximity between philosophy and poetry (or literature), whose task is destructive and critical of the traditional art form. This interpretation leans towards Walter Benjamin’s dissertation about the concept of art criticism in German romanticism.

    In The limits of criticism as a setting of the pluralism and the multiculturalism of post-historical art, Charliston Pablo do Nascimento explores the limits of art criticism in the liberating activity of traditional artistic conditioning. Arthur Danto’s theory about the mediating role of art criticism in a historical moment where "everything can be art", without pre-determined standards, is problematized by the author who opposes the thesis of the analytic philosopher Noël Carrol about another possible definition of art criticism in Danto’s theory, considering impasses on the relationship between art and market.

    On market, fashion and culture is Rodrigo Araújo's article, whose foundation requires the knowledge of some concepts inherited from Marx by Walter Benjamin, among which commodity fetishism and phantasmagoria. In order to reconstruct the basis of this discussion, the author uses Benjamin's modernity theory, marked by Baudelaire's poetry and theory and the city of Paris.

    We go back to the article by Eder David de Freitas Melo [translated into English by Caius Brandão] in order to recognize the relation between epistemology and aesthetics through the agonistic notion of tragedy as a central focus for philosophy. Nietzsche and the extreme notions of hybris and prudence guide the author’s analysis that assumes an intrinsic relationship between the sense of tragedy, the will to power and the search for truth in philosophy.

    Finally, the translation about Gaston Bachelard [made by Gabriel Kafure da Rocha] contains an abundance of themes and relations explored in the articles published today, as well as the discussion that preceded them and circumscribed the speech of the participants who, for different reasons, were not able to send their contributions to the journal.

    Certain that new discussions will be aroused by the reading of this Dossier, I recommend to the reader an equal spirit and willingness to read its sources, already guided by the authors' interpretation in the published articles and an infinite literature on reference texts, which will remain at the same time dense and permeable to thought.

     

    Carla Milani Damião
    Professor of the Faculty of Philosophy at UFG

  • Vol. 7 No. 1 (2016)

    Why to write and publish philosophical texts? Are such activities enough to consolidate a career in philosophy? Only, and only, they demonstrate aptitude for philosophical reflection, a type of attitude that does not assume the given as given, but on the contrary, questions about it? In a scenario where the very research in philosophy and its teaching are threatened, it seems important to us to ask these questions. It is even difficult to sit on the side of here, writing, for example, this editorial, while so much goes out there, in schools, universities, in Congress, in the streets. Writing is an instrument by means of which we systematize our studies, reveal where we have arrived, showing ourselves in the letter. But our anxieties, our researches, our numerous readings are all just kept under the aegis of the written word, resting on paper? Are they not transfigured into experiences, perhaps in fluid experiences in the bureaucratic daily routine of academic life? Certainly, for the consolidation of a career in philosophy, in Brazil, it is an important condition only to fill the Curriculum Lattes with publications. However, Inquietude did not arise to satisfy this kind of craving. Rather, assuming that for writing philosophical texts it is not necessary having an erudite curriculum and that, despite the bureaucracies branching out throughout academy, plastering it, there must be space for living thought, capable of thinking itself, with tenacity and commitment, Inquietude emerged and remains number after number publishing philosophical texts carefully selected for their quality and only.

    In this issue we bring as cover the image of one of the graffiti in the so-called "Arcos do Jânio" that caused controversy in the city of São Paulo. Perhaps nothing more appropriate than a "voice" that comes from the streets to express what we live daily. Because, unfortunately, it is still possible to find in our cities victims of a forbidden controversy, in a democracy with aptitude for intolerance, in which either one obeys or gets muzzled.

    Our first text, The cartography of evil in the thought of Hannah Arendt, by Flavia Stringari Machado, is not far from this kind of spirit of an era. In it, noting Hannah Arendt recognized in the concentration camps of the Second World War a rupture with tradition, it is proposed to investigate the problem of evil through a cartography of this concept in her work, once it is recognized there is no theory of evil in the body of her thought. Thus, the concepts of radical evil and banal evil are analyzed and related in order to delimit whether they are concepts that exclude or not. The second text of this issue, Political philosophy for Leo Strauss, by Elvis de Oliveira Mendes, is a reflection in which, first, we seek a definition about what is philosophy, to then dwell on a strict sense of what is political philosophy, thus configuring a self-referential approach, that is, [political] philosophy thinking of itself.

    From the notion that at the basis of political life is the conflict between desires that mobilize men, in Machiavelli, in the work Discourses on the first decade of Titus Livius, the third article published here, Political conflicts and republican greatness according to a Machiavelli's approach to the Roman republic, by João Aparecido Gonçalves Pereira, investigates the paradoxical relation between dissension of moods, conflicts, freedom and territorial expansion as something useful for a Republic. In the fourth article, Courage of truth and cynicism: The "dog" philosophy and the defacement of currency, by André Luiz dos Santos Paiva, ancient cynicism is analyzed through the theoretical reference of Michel Foucault as something relevant to contemporary philosophy, what is shown through the notion of courage of truth, the metaphor of the dog and the disfigurement of currency, while building a cynical way of life.

    With the fifth article, Modernity and engaged literature: A rapprochement between Habermas and Sartre, by Lennimarx Porfírio Oliveira, we build an approximation between Habermas’s theory of modernity and Sartre’s notion of engaged literature. Finally, our last article, The concept of ultimate foundation in the phenomenology of Max Scheler, by Daniel Branco, with introductory scope, from the work The human place in the cosmos, passes through the concepts of soul, body and metaphysics, to converge in its main objective, the refutation of the classical concept of ultimate reasoning and the implication of its new concept.

    The Editorial Team is grateful for the support of its collaborators, the Editorial Board and all the people who have cooperated and cooperate to the existence of this journal. We wish you good reading and fruitful restlessnesses!

     

    Eder David de Freitas Melo

  • Vol. 6 No. 2 (2015)

    We present to the university community and readers interested in the promotion and dissemination of conceptual thinking volume 6, number 2, of the mature and traditional Inquietude at the Faculty of Philosophy of the Federal University of Goiás (UFG). Inquietude periodically publishes philosophical texts of students, professors, researchers from Brazil and other countries. As in previous volumes, this edition is the result of an intense and hard work by the Editorial Team, with the support of the  Editorial Board. The confidence with which authors submit their articles to Inquietude reveals that commitment and quality in the evaluation of their writings follow the quality standards established by the guidelines of the journal allowing it to consolidate itself in the scope of research and publication in Philosophy.

    The conceptual discussion is essential for the diversity of thought within society that thinks about itself in various ways, supplying a demand for space to disseminate research and, situating the reader about the philosophical problematizations with the proper argumentative exposition. These discussions permeate the formation and development of the thinking of this period, not only on the individual level, but of a particular that is universalized.

    In dark moments where the question of "time" to devote to produce and study suffer cuts, it is worth recalling here the current troubled political scenario, affecting all Brazilians in general, and, specifically, the scholars of this noble area. The academic career of philosophy students suffers from serious problems in their areas of activity after graduation, either in basic or higher teaching. However, we hope for the best, and we wish plurality and debate of ideas are seen as absolutely necessary and indispensable by our society.

    In this edition we present the Woodcut by Samuel Rodrigues (cover) and five unpublished articles of an odd philosophical restlessness.

    We started with the article A brief study on verbal behavior and rationality as criteria for artificial intelligence verification [by Emanuel Lanzine Stobbe], which investigates the criterion of verbal behavior as a necessary condition for the verification of human and artificial intelligence. The central hypothesis is that a more demanding criterion is needed to establish a parallel between the evaluation criteria for rational investigation. Still in the wake of understanding our process of knowledge in general, we have another article, The concept of nous and its relation with the concept of dianoia in Aristotle's philosophy [by Alexandre Guedes Barbosa], which seeks to clarify the concepts of nous and dianoia in in his work De anima. The author’s objective is to obtain, in this perspective, a greater understanding about the bipartite comprehension in active (nous poiētikos) and passive (nous pathetikon), arguing the affections of the intellect are distinct from those of the possessor.

    Still from the Aristotelian perspective, the article Aristotle's mathematical objects [by Matheus Gomes Reis Pinto] aims to investigate the structure and role of mathematics and its objects, making use of the Aristotelian writings on mathematics - more specifically the books M and N of Metaphysics -, as well as the dialogues resulting from philosophical discussions with his master, Plato.

    Advancing in the discussion on the moral issue we publish, in this edition, the article Nietzsche and the aristocracy [by Ronaldo Moreira de Souza]. The text examines two types of morals identified by Nietzsche under the moral typology of masters and the moral of slaves. Such characterizations lead Nietzsche to think a new conception of politics. Called "Great Politics", it aims to oppose the conceptions of morality and politics prevailing in modernity and thus prepare the advent of a kind of "beyond-man" as overcoming modern man.

    About the performance of philosophical knowledge in high school we have the article The teaching of philosophy in high school: New challenges [by Kairon Pereira de Araujo Sousa], which presents some new challenges of this discipline, throughout the history of Brazilian basic education, occupying a less privileged place. Until then, Philosophy had been used only as a complementary subject and taught by educators from various areas of knowledge. The article presents some of the new challenges faced by philosophy teachers, regarding their praxis and new reflections on secondary education.

    Finally, we communicate to the reader our intention to launch two new editions later this year. We take the opportunity to welcome the new editors Mariane, Pedro and Reinner. We hope together we can build a journal with ever greater quality. Special thanks to the Editorial Board of Inquietude and the professors who made up the evaluation committee of the articles published here and to the authors who submitted their papers. We reaffirm we are always receptive to scholars who wish to send us their texts for publication.

     

    Reinner Alves de Moraes

  • Vol. 6 No. 1 (2015)

    It is with pleasure that we present to the university community and other interested parties volume 6, number 1, of Inquietude, an academic and editorial project of students of undergraduate and graduate courses in Philosophy at the Federal University of Goiás [UFG]. As in previous editions this issue is the result of intense work of the Editorial Team, with the support of the prestigious Editorial Board, as well as the initiative of authors that seek with their writing to present aspects of their research and concerns regarding philosophical production in our country. In line with its initial proposal, we present to the public an edition that values diversity in the treatment of philosophical problems, as well as a space for the dissemination of various researches and the possibility to make public the communication of creative and elaborate works of experienced researchers, students of Graduation and Postdegree in Philosophy from UFG and other Universities and Faculties of Philosophy of Brazil, as well as researchers from different areas of knowledge that aim to present us philosophical texts.

    Combined with the diversity of philosophical production existing in our current scenario and the boldness of young authors who seek and create spaces for the publication of their academic productions, we see emerging in our country studies aimed at discussing aspects central to society, as the political positioning and the varied acceptations of social movements that discuss feminisms, gender, race, environmental issues and education. Given this context of intense discussions and its importance for the formation and cultural development, not only individual but collective, we believe and reaffirm once again the validity and need of a journal such as Inquietude, so that we can increasingly think and make public our research, as well as enable an environment of debates that is primarily valued by philosophical rigor.

    It is with this spirit of restlessness that we present this edition composed by five articles and five abstracts. On the cover, we present a work of art [Eye am knowledge] by Adelaide Marcus, an artist who travels through different artistic genres, such as painting and performances in creations that refer to thought and inspiration and we would like to thank her for allowing us to use her work in our edition.

    In the initial article, The notion of 'substance' in Wittgenstein [by Bruna Garcia da Silveira Miguel Elias], we have a philosophical reconstruction of the conception of substance present in Wittgenstein’s early writings, as well as the discussion about the influence of the Aristotelian tradition in his work, besides its initial rupture with such tradition already in early writings. The central distinction between Aristotle and Wittgenstein, as far as the substance is concerned, lies, according to the author, in the ontology adopted, as well as in the refusal to use the symbol of identity by Wittgenstein.

    In The remission of irreversibility and unpredictability of the action: Remarks on forgiveness and promise in Hannah Arendt [by Nádia Junqueira Ribeiro], the author discusses the political aspect of human action in its relationship with forgiveness and promise, that in The human condition are presented from the domains of irreversibility and unpredictability, respectively. The relations between the incapacity of undoing actions as well as the unpredictable nature of human action are thought as creating instruments of personal and political responsibility. The admission of such responsibility results in an understanding that action is the unique space for the exercise of freedom.

    The hypothesis that Augustine was an important influence for the constitution of Descartes' philosophy and in particular the conception of cogito is presented [by Evaldo Pereira de Rezende] in The relationship between Augustine's thought and the Cartesian cogito - The certainty of human existence as a condition for the possibility of error and doubt. The objective of this article is to show links and oppositions between authors, as well as the validity of the hypothesis according to which Augustine would have inspired Descartes.

    In the article Between life and death - The anthropology in the philosophy of Henry Bergson and the psychoanalysis of Sigmund Freud [by Adriana de Albuquerque Gomes], the conceptions of life and death are analyzed from the work of Bergson and Freud in an attempt to identify similarities and divergences between the authors. Finally, in The dangerous liaisons: The analysis of the social mask in Rousseau and Diderot [by Adriane Campos de Assis Remigio], we are led to an analysis of the conception of social mask as a critique of society in Rousseau and Diderot, as well as an interdisciplinary study that aims to establish relations between this notion and cinema, particularly in the film Dangerous liaisons by Stephen Frears, seeking to clarify conceptions as an index of transparency and irony.

    To complete the edition of this issue, we publish the summary of a dissertation defended [by Caius Brandão] in 2015 at the UFG’s Faculty of Philosophy entitled Study of the ideas of justice in Jean-Jacques Rousseau's political-philosophical thought, as well as two texts from research in Scientific Initiation, The question of the existence of God in Edith Stein [by Rafael Carneiro Rocha] and Compatibilism and deductive method in Ethica Eudemia [by Mariane Farias de Oliveira]. We also present two monograph abstracts called The relocation of the question of truth as Aletheia in Being and time [by Douglas Schaitel] and The moral dimension of the market [by Marcelo Rodrigues de Melo].

    In time, we would like to externalize the satisfaction of all members involved in the development of this publication with the elevation to stratum B3 in the classification of journals Qualis of CAPES [Coordination of Improvement of Higher Level Personnel Foundation]. This news is a source of joy because it symbolizes the recognition of the commitment involved in the development of the journal since its first edition and reflects the dedication, care and commitment of the editorial staff.

    To conclude, we thank the Editorial Board of the journal and, in particular, the professors who made up the evaluation committee of the articles published here. We are also grateful to the authors who submitted their works, and we open space for invitation to those who aim, in the future, send us their texts. Finally, we thank the support and encouragement of the Faculty of Philosophy to the activities of the journal, and we reaffirm this space as a place for promoting dialogue and dissemination of the student philosophical production.

     

    Thaís Rodrigues de Souza

  • Dossier Human Rights and Multiculturalism
    Vol. 5 No. 2 (2014)

    The texts that make up this Dossier were prepared during the second semester of 2013, in the context of the discipline Oriented Research in Philosophy IV of the Bachelor’s Degree in Philosophy at the Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM). The characteristics of this discipline allow students to develop an autonomous and in-depth research under the thematic guidance established by the professor at the beginning of the semester. For this moment, in the framework of a discipline of practical character, the issues relevant to global ethics in its possible nuances were proposed, taking as background the needs created by contemporaneity, whose elements suppose, among other things, an intense cultural exchange, a cultural, social and economic globalization, and an ethical-political accountability across borders. The guiding question of research was initially focused on the cosmopolitan proposals of a global ethics: its need, possibility and effectiveness, being this the central axis of the debates established by the need (or not) for a "global ethics" itself. Gravitating around this proposal were also, inevitably, the themes and problems that appear concomitantly or concurrently: the problem of multiculturalism, the need for global justice, the need for an ethics of assistance, the struggles for recognition, the recognition of equality and difference, the maintenance of human rights despite the maintenance of cultural differences, the question of patriotism and universality, and basic questions linked to the notions of "citizenship", "humanity," and "dignity."

    Given the complexity of the theme, it was clear that the outline of a broad and exhaustive panorama would be unachievable. With which some points of the question would be prioritized over others, each one should investigate one of its aspects in particular, according to a very personal choice - although always justified.

    Thus, taking a position prior to all practical debate at the moral and political level as a starting point, the text Essay on human nature: A reflection from Abraham Maslow, by Jonas Muriel Backendorf, proposes an investigation of human nature from the psychological studies of Abraham Maslow, in view of a moral improvement of humanity that could dispense, after all, with regulated and institutionalized solutions for a "peaceful coexistence between people and peoples"; reaching a psychological maturity that could coexist harmoniously with a more mature society, the individual educated to fully realize their potentials, values and integrity is an excellent example of what human nature is capable of when their interests converge with the interests of all - a contemporary reading, closer to psychology than philosophy itself, of some Aristotelian assumptions concerning the rational fulfillment of the excellent character, which cannot be to the detriment of its heuristic and political function.

    Beyond an optimistic proposal and beyond a basic task regarding what would humanly constitute us, even if potentially for peace, the diagnosis of conflict is obvious and inescapable at all levels. Mariane Gehlen Perin is restless to understand the genesis of the different positions defended simultaneously within the scope of global ethics itself. In her text The debate about cosmopolitanism, patriotism and nationalism: A general introduction to the theme tries to understand these notions in a specific, historical and philosophical context, in favor of a broad understanding of the pretensions of each perspective in the debates of contemporary authors as Habermas, Benhabib, Nussbaum, Rorty and Taylor, among others. The development of the concept of "cosmopolitanism", from its cynical and stoic origins, seems to respond to a moral rather than political concern, but that does not cease to influence the theoretical and practical proposals, especially for those authors concerned with the role of education in the construction of the meaning of a "shared humanity" (Nussbaum, mainly). As a counterpoint to this perspective, Mariane paints a detailed picture of the development of the terms "patriotism" and "nationalism" and the risks represented by the radicalism of totalitarianism and chauvinism - a panorama that is of extreme relevance when it comes to understanding the difficulties faced by the chance of a "global ethics".

    The diagnosis of conflict also permeates the text of Guilherme Pinto Ravazi, The society of peoples as a solution to the international conflicts. Faced with the warlike framework of international relations and the apparent impossibility of effective and lasting peace, the proposal for a Society of Peoples - as conceived by John Rawls in The law of peoples - is made from a Kantian perspective. It is a question of investigating the development of this idea from the concept of "federation of peace" as it appears in Kant’s Perpetual peace.

    The guiding question for José Vicente Batista Wociechoski touches the point of the effectiveness and concreteness of social justice through an analysis of human rights - its trajectory, its scope, as well as its recurrent violations. The text Human rights and the formation of identity in the current cultural paradigm, addresses the conflicting relationship between universal human rights, legally recognized and guaranteed since their institutionalization, and cultural diversity, and the way in which this conflict affects the recognition of one’s own individuality. To clarify such a complex scenario, the author investigates some questions of genesis in human rights - with Norberto Bobbio, mainly - and the state of affairs of multiculturalism as a phenomenon and as an ethical-political proposal. The problem of identity construction passes, thus, the recognition of cultural diversity in front of the need for universalization of this same right. Within this problem, the author suggests as an alternative a reflection on the transcultural element present in all societies, an element that may help us understand alterity and thus allow us a non-legalist respect to human rights for each individual in their difference.

    Finally, the very concept of "multiculturalism" is examined by Willian Martini in Multiculturalism and the theoretical divergences on multicultural debate. It investigates the different lines of discourse and the different moral and political proposals that intend to understand the difficulties involved in the contemporary globalized world. The analyses of Charles Taylor, Will Kymlicka and Peter McLaren for the approaches of "conservative multiculturalism", "liberal humanist multiculturalism", "left liberal multiculturalism" and "critical multiculturalism" are featured here as leading authors. From the above, the author perceives in the critical multiculturalism proposed by McLaren the most positive approach at a political level, since it is focused on a pedagogical project for a harmonious experience with the difference. It would be appropriate to this education, in view of new social relations, a deep reflection on the way we see ourselves as "one" and "another".

    Many details could still be added to the presentation of each of the texts that make up this Dossier, and on the subject itself, but I will let them now speak for themselves. For some of these authors, the subject is already the object of continuous research; for all, however, it was undoubtedly fundamental that the result of their texts could appear in a joint publication. As throughout the discipline, their perspectives dialogue and complement each other. A dialogue that philosophical reflection can not do without at all.

     

    Janyne Sattler (UFSM)

  • Dossiê Rousseau
    Vol. 5 No. 1 (2014)

    Maintaining one of its main purposes - to welcome and encourage the involvement of students with writing and participation in events related to undergraduate and graduate courses in Philosophy at UFG [Federal University of Goiás] - Inquietude reaches its ninth publication (v. 5, n. 1). In this edition we present the Dossier Rousseau with eight selected articles from the "VI International Colloquium Rousseau: Party and Representation" held in the city of Pirenópolis/GO in June 2013. We also have a Special Section with three texts produced over a course taught in graduate school (2013/2) by professor Adriana Delbó. Finally, we have an unpublished translation in Portuguese, prepared by Pedro Labaig (collaborator of Inquietude) of the last interview given by Michel Foucault, 27 days before his death, recently published by the French newspaper Libération; and also a review (by Cícero Josinaldo, postdoctoral philosophy professor at the Faculty of Philosophy of UFG and National Post-Doctoral Program/CAPES grant holder) on the book Hannah Arendt e a modernidade: política, economia e a disputa por uma fronteira (Forense Universitária, 2014) of the dear professor and current director of our Faculty, Adriano Correia.

    Below, we have two texts prepared as a presentation to the Dossier Rousseau and the Special Section. The first, written by the organizers of the VI International Rousseau Colloquium, and the second by Prof. Adriana Delbó, for the texts elaborated in her discipline.

     

    The Editing.

     

    **********************************************************************************************

    DOSSIER ROUSSEAU

    The Jean-Jacques Rousseau Interdisciplinary Research Group [National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq)], together with the Rousseau and the Enlightenment Working Group [National Association of Post-Graduation in Philosophy (ANPOF)], held the VI International Rousseau Colloquium "Party and Representation", which, bringing together more than 120 researchers - students and teachers, Brazilian and foreign -, reflected the academic work committed to research and training of researchers that has been carried out for more than 15 years. Organized by the Faculty of Philosophy of the Federal University of Goiás (UFG), in June 2013, in the city of Pirenópolis - Goiás, the Colloquium also marked the closing of the tributes to the 300 years of birth of Jean-Jacques Rousseau.

    In face of the general theme of the Colloquium "Party and Representation", aiming to welcome the multiplicity of Rousseauist thought and provide an in-depth discussion of the research being carried out within the scope of the post-graduation courses, the papers were presented in the framework of the discussion of the research lines of the Interdisciplinary Research Group Jean-Jacques Rousseau: 1) moral, politics and society; 2) aesthetics, literature and subjectivity; 3) culture and formation. The articles that we now bring to public, in the Dossier Rousseau of Inquietude, reflect these themes and offer the reader a small show of the communications presented by graduate students during the VI Colloquium.

    We propose to the reader of the Dossier Rousseau to start reading the article by Anderson dos Santos about the theme of sovereignty, a subject as valuable as controversial in political philosophy. Starting from the theme of war in Hugo Grotius' On the law of war and peace, Anderson presents the concept of sovereignty to this author and confronts it with the conception of Jean-Jacques Rousseau in The social contract, which argues that sovereignty belongs to the people and that it should be exercised in accordance with the general will. The sovereignty of the people that is manifested through the general will is the central axis of Rousseauist political thought, although the formation of the general will is object of polemics among scholars. In this sense, the article by Lucas Ribeiro, which problematizes the task of the Legislator, contributes to this discussion. Seeking to clarify the conceptual distinction between persuading and convincing, the article proposes to provide some inputs for understanding the nature of the language of the Legislator, as well as explaining the effects aimed by it.

    In the following, Nairis de Lima, having as reference the passage from the state of nature to the civil state described in the Discourse on the origin and foundations of inequality among men, presents a kind of genealogy of property contrasted with Rousseau, for whom property implies the emergence of inequality among men and the main ills of social coexistence, Locke argues that property is an extension of the individual. Rousseau’s critical position to private property made him recognized as one of the first critics of bourgeois society, which appears to him as the culmination of a process of devirtualization and alienation of the human race. Following this line of argument, André Ferreira brings Rousseau's thought to that of Marx demonstrating the critique of private property plays a similar role in the argumentation of both authors, since both recognize in the process of development of private property the realization of the alienation of men from their own essential, natural forces. Based on the assumption that inequality is an extremely serious problem and responsible for degrading political regimes, Vital Alves analyzes the effects of inequality within the republican State, in order to discern its likely consequences and discuss whether Rousseau suggests measures or arrangements to delay the coming-to-be of inequality.

    The Dossier also presents a discussion about the themes of morality, formation and subjectivity. Gabriel Antunes is dedicated to the analysis of the controversial concept of human perfectibility in Rousseau’s thought, discussing the relationship between the irreversible rupture with the original happiness of man, in his process towards the civil state, and the assumption of moral life as an exercise of virtues. Arguing that it takes a lot of art to reconcile nature and society in order to prevent the social man  degenerate completely, Homero Souza Filho thematizes education and philosophy as fundamental devices for the formation of man, from the analysis of Emile. Finally, the article of Natalia Carminatti studies the theme of memory and the reconstitution of memories in Les rêveries du promeneur solitaire. Based on psychoanalytic studies, she discusses the importance of revealing forgotten memories (masked by social repressions) for the understanding of one’s own being.

    The diversity of topics treated by the articles and the interrelations that arise to the reader, as we move from one text to another, shows at the same time the richness and difficulty of knowing and interpreting Jean-Jacques Rousseau's thought. In the expectation of contributing to the discussions, we offer to Inquietude readers the Dossier prepared from the VI International Colloquium Rousseau.

     

    Organization:
    Prof. Dr. Helena Esser dos Reis
    Prof. Dr. Marisa Alves Vento
    Prof. Dr. Renato Moscateli

     

    **********************************************************************************************

    SPECIAL SECTION
    Links and oppositions between culture, politics and formation in Nietzsche

    In the Special Section of this issue of Inquietude we are proud to publish three articles whose elaboration took place along the discipline Links and oppositions between culture, politics and formation in Nietzsche taught in the Graduate Program in Philosophy at the Federal University of Goiás, in the 2nd semester of 2013. This honors us not only for being able to share with the readers the quality of texts that seek to systematize the disturbing thoughts occurred during the course of the discipline, but also because writing, a lasting, demanding, indispensable activity, unusual, and as a privileged moment for the movements of thought, cannot be a sudden and isolated event. Due to the requirements of the creative process inherent in writing, when they engage with it, students leave the room of class listeners - an important place, but somewhat insufficient for the laborious movement of thinking. Entering a level at least broader and more rigorous, the students can countless times read, reread, ask and ask themselves, continue with questions, seek answers, remake them, deal with dissatisfaction, organize ideas, reorganize them, systematize what they were able to think circumstantially.

    Writing is the studying; it is not accountability. The achievement of grades/concepts is merely the result of an authorial involvement of students with the subjects studied. More than bureaucratic fulfillment of a requirement placed by the curricular grades, attending a discipline can be the moment of student formation: time and space to read, listen, reread, have doubts, be able to expose them, be able to write understandings, have readers, receive criticism, corrections and contributions. Finally, rewrite and momentarily finalize a study. At every moment the confrontation with the disorder of thoughts moving towards the making of what the Educational Institutions require and therefore need to offer: the condition for written thought, the text.

    In the article Nietzsche, culture and self-formation: From the art of style to the art of becoming who you are, Carmelita Brito de Freitas Felício shares with the readers what she managed to systematize from her studies during the course of the discipline: how Nietzsche’s critique of culture mobilizes understandings about the idea of self-formation. If the culture goes through the cultivation of a "type man", how can we "become what we are"? And what are we!? The article offers readers the understanding reached around the idea of style as self-creation, links between culture and creation, barriers between education and self-formation.

    In the article Waking up from the dream or repeating the nightmare? The superior culture in Nietzsche under Agamben's criticism, Pedro Lucas Dulci provides to readers the analysis reached regarding the limitation of western culture with a view to the depotentialization of life. Agamben's reading on Nietzsche is in question, however the concerns common to both thinkers only have to offer understanding regarding the indissociability between life, creation and culture.

    In the article Nietzsche: The critique of metaphysics and the body as a starting point, Edson Prado brings us an understanding of the Nietzschean notion of body, articulating it with Nietzsche’s criticism of metaphysics, having as background his concern for culture.

    Texts in disciplines. Discipline for texts. Discipline for doubts, exhibitions, understandings and misunderstandings, systematizations. Readings inebriated of involvement with issues provoked in discipline. Discipline out of the discipline. This is the challenge of the arduous, but exciting work carried out among students and teachers.

     

    Adriana Delbó

  • Vol. 4 No. 2 (2013)

    The first words are not necessarily the most important. Still, it is up to them to dictate the continuity and rhythm of reading. Here we have the privilege to invite you to read more this issue of Inquietude journal, fruit of a seriousness inherent in the universe of academic research combined with the effervescence of young researchers in the field of philosophy. Commitment that generates, of course, the most satisfactory results. We recall that, recently, we obtained the qualification Qualis B5 - which gives more importance and notoriety to the journal - this fosters the interest with which philosophy students from various parts of the country seek us.

    In this edition we have eight articles, a section dedicated to the Philosophy Week, two interviews [respectively by Willian Bento Barbosa and Nádia Junqueira Ribeiro] with important researchers in Hannah Arendt - Adriano Correia and Yara Frateschi - besides the part dedicated to the dissemination of abstracts of monographs and dissertations of students who completed their bachelor’s degree and master’s degree in philosophy at the Federal University of Goiás (UFG). On the cover we have a creation by Andréia Ferreira - graduated in philosophy - representing the disform. A contradiction in principle, because the texts must fit into a series of formal requirements for their submission and subsequent dissemination. However, there is no formality that prevents the disform to emerge as a restlessness in the very content of what is written. Not rarely, disform is what we find as philosophical thought, if compared to the world around us. But what other option would we have from a context taken by passivity in which the perverse of the real is less strange than a deformity of thought?

    In the initial article The anthropological genesis of religion in Ludwig Feuerbach [by Felipe Assunção Martins] we have a theoretical reconstruction of the human origin of God, as well as a critique about religious alienation. The article helps us to think about how the anthropological truth of God and religion, according to Feuerbach, has as its principle a theory of human consciousness and essence. The philosopher understands man as being conscious of his kind.

    In The relation between feelings and the study of morality [by Ana Gabriela Colantoni] the reader will encounter different philosophical perspectives about the notion of pleasure, and how the actions that provide pleasure relate to moral issues in the works of Aristotle, Kant and Mill. Next, the contribution of the German philosophers Hegel and Nietzsche to the establishment of a Christian ethos, and the characteristics that lead the Hegelian philosophy to a philosophy of fullness, is the subject of the following article [by Adilson Felicio Feiler], entitled The Christian ethos in Hegel and Nietzsche from the concepts of "fate" and "love".

    On the arts of government of captive spirit: Meeting points between Nietzsche and Foucault [by Walquiria Pereira Batista] We have a study that points to a possible approximation of Friedrich Nietzsche's and Michel Foucault's thought regarding the constitution of the modern state and a new subject. While Foucault analyzes the emergence of the arts of government having as bias the construction of modern subjectivity, Nietzsche thinks the concept of captive spirit in which the individual, in search of a supposed peace, would be forged by modernity.

    Although the ontology of Paul Ricouer keeps human action as a center, there is an attempt to keep it plural, in regard to the most diverse ways of saying the self. The speculative character of his ontology, as well as the direction of understanding oneself's maintenance from the relation with otherness is present in the article The ontology of acting by Paul Ricoeur: Alterity and plurality [by Sabrina Ruggeri]. A phenomenology of existence: On Cézanne's doubt by Maurice Merleau-Ponty [by Luana Lopes Xavier] aims to analyze the proposal of Cézanne’s painting, as well as the existence-art relation present in his work in the light of Merleau-Ponty’s thought.

    The historical moment of revitalization of American pragmatism and the consequences of this movement added to the linguistic instrumental of post-analytic philosophy is treated in The revitalization of American pragmatism in the 1970s: Richard Rorty’s pragmatic-linguistic turn [by Flávio Oliveira]. Finally, we have the last article of this section entitled On the permanence of exception: The case of the state of Goiás [by Pedro Penhavel]. In this article the author appropriates concepts of political philosophy by Walter Benjamin and Giorgio Agamben and sociologists analysis such as Francisco de Oliveira and Loïc Wacquant to address the issue of suppression of fundamental rights and the escalation of police violence in Goiás during the post-military-dictatorship period.

    In the space for the Philosophy Week we have the article Art and politics in the thought of Jean-François Lyotard [by Rafael Silva Gargano]. In the present text, Inquietude readers will be led to understand the roots of the aesthetic discussions present in Lyotard’s philosophy, as well as its discomfort relevant to the Marxist theory of his time. Such discomfort, it should be said, is fundamental for the understanding of the relation the philosopher establishes between art and politics, evidenced in the essay Notes on the critical function of the work of art, published in 1970. In The theory of will to power as a character of existence [by Eder David de Freitas Melo] we can observe that, in the Nietzschean conception that deals with the world, and everything that is in it, will to power is all there is. Within this perspective, the article brings us an analysis of some aspects of this theory of will to power, thus contributing to understand how the German philosopher - Friedrich Nietzsche - uses the same conceptual arrangement to qualify all existence.

    We hope the reading so far has motivated our readers to continue through the texts here. We still take the opportunity to thank all the people who submitted texts for evaluation. To those who did not have the text published, we ask you to consider the feedback given through the reviews, so you can, at an appropriate time, send us again for possible circulation. To all professors in the Faculty of Philosophy and the Philosophy Course at Goiás City Campus our thanks for the incentive and for all collaboration destined to us. To the professors who provided us with external opinions, we would like to point out this number would not be possible without their rigorous work. To the editorial team - now joined by students Eder David de Freitas, Regis Lopes and Samarone Oliveira - for their constant involvement and dedication.

    We could not fail to address the Group of Studies in Biopolitics of the Faculty of Philosophy of UFG that gives us space for the launch of this edition in the IV Colloquium of Biopolitics and, more than this, has collaborated to promote our journal encouraging the publication of texts presented in the colloquiums held by the Group, as is the case of the Dossier Biopolitics published in the edition (v. 3, n. 2) of 2012. We also reinforce the invitation to submit the papers presented in this colloquium for evaluation and publication in the next issue, to be released in July 2014.

    Turning back again to the beautiful work that appears as this edition cover, we hope the expectation of restlessness can drive us as those who, not immediately formalizing with a world given to us, announce the disform contained in the questions that now bother us.

    And finally, an insufficient thanks to a very special person, an artist, a creator not only of significant and disturbing artistic beauties: Pedro Labaig. Even after completing the Philosophy course at UFG, he continued to be responsible for the hard work of taking care of the final art and the diagramming of Inquietude. At a distance, in Paris, amid the painting of his beautiful paintings and his master’s degree in Philosophy, he remained among us as collaborator, participant, responsible, a gentleman, as he always proved himself. As a very small part of our gratitude, we will now try to walk with our own legs, to relieve Pedro from this task. However, by his greatness, hes has already been fixed in the memory of our journal.

     

    The Editing

  • Tutoriais